A stroke occurs when blood flow to a region of the brain is interrupted or when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures.
In an ischemic stroke, an artery becomes blocked by a blood clot or another mechanism that reduces blood circulation. In a hemorrhagic stroke, a blood vessel ruptures, causing blood to leak into or around the brain.
Both types require rapid recognition and immediate hospital care.
Symptoms usually appear suddenly and may include weakness or tingling on one side of the body, facial asymmetry, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, vision changes, loss of balance, dizziness, difficulty walking and a severe headache with no apparent cause.
Mental confusion, seizures, extreme drowsiness and loss of consciousness may also occur.
If any of these signs are present, immediately call SAMU at 192 or seek emergency hospital care.
A clinic appointment does not replace emergency medical care during the acute phase of a stroke.
In a hospital setting, the evaluation must be performed quickly through a neurological assessment and imaging tests.
Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, CT angiography and other examinations may help identify the type of stroke, the affected region and the condition of the cerebral blood vessels.
This information is essential for determining which treatments may be used and whether the patient meets the criteria for a specific intervention.
In selected cases, treatment may involve medication to dissolve the blood clot or mechanical thrombectomy.
Mechanical thrombectomy is an endovascular, catheter-based procedure in which specialized devices are guided to the site of the blockage to remove the clot and attempt to restore blood flow.
The indication depends on the time when symptoms began, the affected blood vessel, imaging findings and the patient’s clinical condition.
Treatment depends on the location, volume and cause of the bleeding, as well as the patient’s neurological condition.
Some situations require intensive clinical monitoring. Others may require surgery or endovascular treatment, particularly when the hemorrhage is related to an aneurysm or vascular malformation.
After emergency treatment, follow-up may be important to understand the cause of the stroke, assess vascular abnormalities and discuss the next steps.
A specialized evaluation may also be helpful when the patient or family is seeking a second opinion regarding imaging tests, procedures or available treatment options.
